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What is Cryptography?This forum post has messages dated from 11/18/06 through 02/10/10, please be sure to read all the messages. If you feel it is old or outdated, please follow up with a question or comment and someone may be able to update it, or reply with newer information if you have it. Cryptography - Cryptography
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| What is Cryptography? In case anybody was wondering:The term is often used to refer to the field as a whole, as is cryptology. The study of how to circumvent the confidentiality sought by using encryption is called cryptanalysis or, more loosely, "codebreaking." The field is a rich source of jargon, some of it humorous. Until modern times, cryptography referred almost exclusively to encryption, the process of converting ordinary information (plaintext) into something unintelligible; this is a ciphertext. Decryption is the reverse, moving from unintelligible ciphertext to plaintext. A cipher (or cypher) is a pair of algorithms which perform this encryption and the reversing decryption. The detailed operation of a cipher is controlled both by the algorithm and, in each instance, by a key. This is a secret parameter (known only to the communicants) for the cipher algorithm. Keys are important as ciphers without variable keys are trivially breakable and so rather less than useful. Historically, ciphers were often used directly for encryption or decryption without additional procedures. In colloquial use, the term "code" is often used to mean any method of encryption or concealment of meaning. However, within cryptography, code has a more specific meaning; it means the replacement of a unit of plaintext (i.e., a meaningful word or phrase) with a code word (for example, apple pie replaces attack at dawn). Codes are no longer used in serious cryptography—except incidentally for such things as unit designations (eg, 'Bronco Flight')—since properly chosen ciphers are both more practical and more secure than even the best codes, and better adapted to computers as well. Some use the English terms cryptography and cryptology interchangeably, while others use cryptography to refer to the use and practice of cryptographic techniques, and cryptology to refer to the subject as a field of study. In this respect, English usage is more tolerant of overlapping meanings than are several European languages. *information from wiki Does anybody have any other information that should be included? If so, please comment away!! |
| Presumably the technology is the same as is being used in encryption software like PGP. Is there really any difference between the terms encryption and cryptology then? |
| There are many different techniques that can be employed to encrypt "something" such as a document or image. They all fall under the umbrella of encryption which is the name of the art. PGP is a piece of software (actually it's an entire suite of tools) that enables one to encrypta and decrypt documents, drives, etc. Highly recommended although far from simple to use as it is highly unintuitive. |
| It's a fascinating subject and a highly challenging one at that. I worked on a health related project a while ago and had to comply with HIPAA guidelines which require that all communication be encrypted. There are many algorithms and protocols to choose from and it is important to make the correct decisions so as not to enable security breaches or to slow down the application. I had a lot of fun on that project. |
| Many people are unaware that they can right click on a web page and immediately see whether it is encrypted and to what extent it is encrypted. The fact that many people will enter credit card details online without even being aware of the need to check on this is a scary thing. It amazes me that some check isn't built into new browser versions to alert people to this need. |
| my computer is equiped with it... |
| Wow this was really helpful information I had no idea that you could even right click on a page and see the encoding was even there before until now. Thank you so much thats the most useful information I have ever found out about a webpage. Thank you so much I will be MUCH more careful now. |
| A brief trivia about the subject matter: Cryptography is the science of writing in secret code and is an ancient art; the first documented use of cryptography in writing dates back to circa 1900 B.C. when an Egyptian scribe used non-standard hieroglyphs in an inscription. Some experts argue that cryptography appeared spontaneously sometime after writing was invented, with applications ranging from diplomatic missives to war-time battle plans. It is no surprise, then, that new forms of cryptography came soon after the widespread development of computer communications. In data and telecommunications, cryptography is necessary when communicating over any untrusted medium, which includes just about any network, particularly the Internet. |
| Understanding Cryptography Everyone has secrets; some have more than others. When it becomes necessary to transmit those secrets from one point to another, it's important to protect the information while it's in transit. Cryptography presents various methods for taking legible, readable data, and transforming it into unreadable data for the purpose of secure transmission, and then using a key to transform it back into readable data when it reaches its destination. |
| I do not know if what you are referring is the same in concept to what takes place in Dan Brown's novel Angels and Demons. It is the nature of some people to be secretive about what they do and encryption provides a means of doing this. However, the major point of uncertainty is whether there is any major difference between cryptography and encryption but they seem to go hand in hand. |
| I hope this definitions clear things up Cryptography defined as "the science and study of secret writing, " concerns the ways in which communications and data can be encoded to prevent disclosure of their contents through eavesdropping or message interception, using codes (2), ciphers (3), and other methods, so that only certain people can see the real message. Encryption transforms original information, called plaintext or cleartext, into transformed information, called ciphertext, codetext or simply cipher, which usually has the appearance of random, unintelligible data. The transformed information, in its encrypted form, is called the cryptogram. |
| Cryptography is often seen as a 'black art': something OTHERS understand but YOU need. This of course need not the the case at all. Yes, there are some complex concepts to embrace, but basic understanding need not be a trial. You can see and read some useful information regarding Cryptography on the link that i had browsed from the net. I hope this link can help you guys over the matter. |
| Cryptography doesn't really refer to computers alone right? If it has been a long discipline of hiding valuable artifacts or treasure then it must have been as old as the start of the cradle of civilization. |
| Yes, it does not only confine itself to computers, there are other tools and mediums to do cryptography just like what moy said, in the Angels and Demons i think i saw this kind of trick of hiding some information, a crucial info. I would like to know how they do Cryptography, and how do those codes being break? can anybody give us here a glimpse on the procedure? Ciao... |
| I believe there is a manual or books regarding deciphering such cryptic texts. I usually hear and see such books on detective novels, particularly the Sherlock Holmes novels as the famous sleuth usually recalls books on deciphering such codes to unravel clues and solve cases. This is probably the best application of Cryptography, in the field of investigation. I think there are psychopaths out there who are into cheap thrills and demented enough to actually leave clues on where and who they'll attack next and it is up to the authorities to decipher such clues to eventually find them. |
| There are books that teaches the technique, but i still find them hard to follow. I think it is not that easy, you should certainly have to be like some sort of detective to be able to unlock some secret codes. Or am i just dumb? But anyway, i think i have to commend Jene on his or her post, i don't know if Jene is boy or a girl.. |
| Yes, though there are lots of self help book we still must be very careful on how we do stuffs. And i have to agree that sometimes we still needs some professional help. But if you are to go for services, make sure of that you are dealing with the right people. There are lot of scammers out there and we do not want to be a victim. Best of luck to all of us. |
| If you want minimum system file protection though encryption there are a couple of compressing files out there which hides your date through various cryptic methods. Take WinRaR and WinZip for example, two of the most popular and sought after digital file compression tools which allows a user to hide the content of his file through passwords and encryption. Though one might have a problem when dealing with an expert hacker whom can break such complicated passwords but who would target a common person for a specific file? Not unless you have this big government or scandalous file, but if it is just a personal file then fear no more. |
| Hi: Just a couple of comments on this very interesting thread. Can we say that cryptography is the development of a private language, or communications system, undertsood only by a limited amount of people? Is it in this respect that it is called secret! Also, I believe i read somewhere that one of the main reasons for the defeat of Nazi Germany was that most of their codes were broken, for example the Afrika Korp´s and "Enigma". A question: why were the Navajo Indians considered to be ideals for code breaking? What in their language made them more adept it this type of thing? Thanks |
| Indeed, Germans created 'Enigma' with the idea of spreading freely all the secret information, however they didn't take into consideration that somebody will break their code so quickly. I think it was just a few years after, when Poles succeed it. As far as Navajo Indians, I've never heard of their skills, but it sounds interesting... |
| Cryptography surely is something of the ancient days. In the era of the egyptians with their pyramids I would imagine. Many a thing has been lost in the shadows of the past and shall never be regained, but if Cryptology was ever once one of those things, I am certainly glad that it has been kept safe over these few years. |
| Surely they are only a few years, as evolution and things of such a nature would scientifically prove that for hundreds of millions of years, the earth has already been around. |
| How long has the truth about cryptography been kept in the dark? |
| Is this cryptography stuff actually real? Come on, can we say for sure? These people have captured us in a grasp that has extended so far back into the past that it is hard for us to even understand the depth to which it has delved. |
| For real you know adam... We are sometimes all caught up in the hype of things, but the truth is that we are not certain if carbon dating really is as accurate as some may make it seem to be, or what have you. |
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